Earth and Environmental Science
Earth and Environmental Science is an interdisciplinary subject that explores the Earth’s systems, processes, and the interactions between humans and the natural environment. The Preliminary and HSC Earth and Environmental Science courses provide students with a comprehensive understanding of geological, atmospheric, and ecological processes, as well as the impact of human activities on the planet. Through theoretical learning and practical experiences, students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills essential for addressing environmental challenges.
Preliminary Earth and Environmental Science (Year 11)
Course Structure:
The Preliminary Earth and Environmental Science course introduces students to fundamental concepts related to the Earth and its environment. Core topics typically covered include:
Earth’s Systems:
Understanding the structure and composition of the Earth, including the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere
The rock cycle, mineral formation, and types of rocks
Plate tectonics and the processes shaping the Earth’s surface
Natural Hazards and Disasters:
Types of natural hazards, including earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, and landslides
Understanding the causes and effects of these hazards on the environment and human populations
Risk assessment and management strategies
Weather and Climate:
The atmosphere’s composition and structure
Weather patterns, climate zones, and the factors influencing climate
Climate change and its global impacts
Ecosystems and Biodiversity:
Understanding ecosystems, biomes, and the relationships between organisms and their environments
The importance of biodiversity and the threats to ecosystems
Conservation strategies and sustainable practices
Practical Work:
Practical activities are a significant component of the Preliminary Earth and Environmental Science course. Students engage in fieldwork, laboratory experiments, and research projects to investigate Earth processes and environmental issues, enhancing their understanding of theoretical concepts.
HSC Earth and Environmental Science (Year 12)
Course Structure:
The HSC Earth and Environmental Science course builds on the knowledge gained in the Preliminary course and delves deeper into complex Earth systems and environmental science issues. The course is divided into core and optional topics:
Core Topics:
Earth’s Resources:
Types of natural resources (renewable and non-renewable)
The extraction and use of Earth’s resources, including water, minerals, and energy sources
Sustainable management of resources and environmental impact assessments
Environmental Change:
Natural and human-induced changes to the environment
The impact of urbanisation, deforestation, pollution, and climate change
Strategies for mitigating and adapting to environmental change
Geological Processes:
Understanding geological time, rock formations, and fossil records
The processes of erosion, sedimentation, and landforms
The significance of geological processes in shaping the environment
Research and Investigation:
Development of research skills through independent projects
Methodologies for conducting Earth and environmental studies
Data analysis and presentation of findings
Optional Topics:
Students may choose from various optional topics such as:
The Role of Water in the Environment
Pollution and Its Effects
The Impact of Climate Change on Ecosystems
Practical Work:
The HSC Earth and Environmental Science course emphasises hands-on learning through fieldwork, laboratory experiments, and collaborative research projects. Students apply scientific methods to investigate Earth and environmental issues, collect data, and draw conclusions based on their findings.
Assessment and Examination
Assessment:
Both the Preliminary and HSC Earth and Environmental Science courses are assessed through a combination of school-based assessments, including practical reports, research projects, and written examinations. These assessments evaluate students' understanding of Earth and environmental science concepts and their ability to apply knowledge in real-world contexts.
HSC Examination:
At the end of Year 12, students will undertake the HSC Earth and Environmental Science examination, which assesses their knowledge of the entire HSC curriculum. The examination typically includes a mix of multiple-choice, short answer, and extended response questions.
Conclusion
Studying Earth and Environmental Science at the Preliminary and HSC levels equips students with a robust understanding of the Earth’s systems and the critical environmental issues facing our planet today. It fosters a sense of responsibility towards environmental stewardship and sustainability, preparing students for further studies and careers in environmental science, geology, ecology, and related fields.